Reinforced cylinder



April 21, 1942.

P. P. NEWCOMB REINFORCED CYLINDER Filed' sept. 27, 1940 2 sheets-sheet 2 INVEN-ron laPla'mcrulnb ATTORNEY Patented Apr. 21l942 REINFORCED CYLINDER.

Phillip` P. Newcomb, Manchester, Conn., assignor to United Aircraft Corporation, East Hartford, Conn., a corporation of Delaware Application september 21, 1940, serial No. 358,682

` (ol. 12s-171) 7 Claims.

This invention relates to improvements in engine cylinders and has particular reference to an improved cylinder construction for an air cooled internal combustion engine such as is conventionally employed for the propulsion of aircraft.

Anobject of the invention resides in the vpro.1

vision ,or an improved engine cylinder of the character indicated in which adequate strength with minimum weight is provided by utilizing a f strong durable metal, such as steel, for the load carrying parts of thecylinder and utilizing a relatively light weight metal such as an aluminum alloy to provide the heat radiating surfaces and enclosures `for valve operating mechanisms. A

A further object-resides in the provision of an improved engine cylinder of the character indicated ln which the valve operating mechanism is directly supported on the loadcarrying part of the cylinder and the light weight metal parts. are substantially free of loads incident to valve operation.

-A still further object resides in the provision of an improved engine cylinder of the character indicated having an integral cylinder and head liner of a strong durable metal, such 'as steel, to

. which are connected valve port liners and valve mechanism supports of the same or a similar material, and a cooling and valve mechanism en closing structure .of a light weight metal, such as an aluminum alloy, cast onto the strong metal structure and in which said valve -port liners assist in maintaining the cooling and valve mechanism enclosing structure on the strong metal liner -and also assist in supporting the loads incident to valve operation.

Other objects and advantages will be more f particularly pointed out hereinafter or will be come apparent as the description proceeds.

In the accompanying drawings, in which like the' line 2--2 of Fig. l and on a'plane disposed at right angles to the plane of the section of Fig. l, and v Fig. 3 is a sectional viewsimllar to Fig. 2 oi? the exhaust port portion of the cylinder shown in Fig. 1 taken on the line 3-3 of Fig. 1.

Referring to the drawings in detail, the numeral II) generally indicates a cylinder liner. This liner I0 may have an annular external retaining ilange I2 by means o'f which it is bolted or otherwise secured to an engine crankcase in adesired or usual manner. Below the flange I2 there may be a skirt portion I4 adapted to extend within the engine 'crankcase and above the ange there may be a cylindrical barrel portion .I6 terminating in a partly spherical or dome shaped head portion I8 through which are prof vided an intake opening, as indicated at 20, and

an outlet opening, as indicated at 22, and one 'or more spark plu'gapertures, as indicated at 24.

An intake valve port liner 26 and an exhaust valve port liner 28 are secured to the head portion I8 within the respective intake and exhaust openings and 22 by some suitable means, such y as welding or brazing. While, in some cases, it

might be entirely feasable and desirable to form the valve port liners integrally with the main reference numerals are used to designate similar parts throughout, there is 'illustrated' a suitable mechanical embodiment for the purpose of disclosing the invention.- The drawings, however, are for the purpose of illustration only and are not to be taken as limiting or restricting the invention since itwillbe apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes in the illustrated constructionv may be resorted to without in any way exceeding the scope of the invention.

In the drawings, Fig. 1 is a vertical sectional of the main cylinder liner.

Iin the manner indicated above.

cylinder liner I0, it will usually be found more economical and practical to construct these port liners as separate members by forming them as castings or sheet metal stampngs and then se curing them in place upon the'main cylinder liner Adjacent to each of the liners 26 and 28 there is provided a valve mechanism support, as indicated at 30 for the intake valve mechanism and at 32 for the exhaust valve mechanism. Each of these valve mechanism supports may be of the form of a generally rod likemember having a forked or bifurcated end portion for supporting the rock- Yer arm of the respective valve mechanism, and

means at the end opposite the fork for securely connecting the support .to' the head portion I8 Thus, the intake valve mechanism support may be provided with a forked or .biiurcated end portion comprising the legs 34 and 36 apertured to receive the rocker y f. arm bearing bolt 38 and may have its end opview through an improved" engine cylinder constructed according to the invention. Fig. 2 is a sectional view of the intake port portion ofthe cylinder shown in Fig. l taken on posite the fork end welded or brazed into' atubular member 40 which is in turn welded orbrazed to an aperture in the head 18. The tubular `member 4I) has its outer end eut'on a biasor diagonal, as indicated at 42, to avoid a concentration of bending stresses through any one transverse plane oi the supportingcolumn 30. The

exhaust valve mechanism support 32 is similarly forked to provide the legs or prongs 44 and 48 which are apertured to receive a bearing bolt, similar to the bolt 38 for the exhaust valve rocker arm. At its end opposite the fork the supporting column 32 is also received in a tubular member 48 which is welded into an aperture provided in the head portion I8 and provided with a biased or diagonal outer end 50 to distribute bending stresses between the supporting column and the liner I along a predetermined length of the column to avoid undue concentration of stresses.

The intake port liner 26 is particularly illustrated in Fig. 2 and comprises, in general, a conduit providing a substantially streamlined passage from the manifold or intake pipe connection 52 to the inlet aperture 20, an intake valve stem guide 54 and a valve seat 58 provided in the thickened portion of the linerin the aperture 20.

The exhaust port liner 28 is particularly illustrated in Fig. 3 and com-prises a conduit of heat resisting material leading from the exhaust aperture 22 to the exterior of the cylinder head provided with a valve stem aperture 58 and a valve seat insert SII preferably formed of some hard resistantmaterial which is not readily subject to erosion by the hot exhaust gases.

'I'he heat radiating and valve mechanism enclosing structure, referred to above, comprises a matrix or coating of a suitable metal such as an aluminum alloy cast onto the exterior of the liner I0 from a point somewhat above the flange I2 and entirely over the head portion I8. This cast layer is providedwith extensions one ofv which, as indicated at 64, surrounds the intake port liner 26 and another, as indicated at 66, surrounds the exhaust port liner 28. At the end of the extension 04 there is provided an intake valve rocker box $8 cast integrally with the extension 64 and at the end of the extension B6 there is provided an integral exhaust valve rocker box 10. The intake rocker box B8 extends from the valve guides 54 past the bifurcated end of the rocker arm support 30 and includes a connection 12 for the outer end of the valve push rod cover. A- web or wall 14, extending from the rocker box to the matrix over the head I8, surrounds and encioses the stem portion of the support column 30. The exhaust valve rocker box I0 likewisekextends from the valve guide 'I6 past the bifurcated end of the exhaust valve rocker arm support 32 to a connection 18 for the outer end of the exhaust valve push rod cover.` A web or wall 8l, integral with the liner encasing matrix and the rocker box "Il, extends from the rocker box to the matrix and surrounds the exhaust'valve rocker arm support 32. The matrix i2 is provided with suitable cooling ns! which may be formed in any suitable or desired manner as by casting the matrix over` the inner edges of sheet metal ns as illustrated, or by casting or otherwise providing integral ns on the matrix.

There-is thus provided an` improved cylinder construction having an inner strength member of,

ring contact therewith and also in which, because of the interconnection 4of light metal between the valve port liners rand the valve mechanisms supports, the supports are reinforced by the valve port liners particularly against bending stresses and other loads which are not directly in line with the axes of these supports.

While a suitable mechanical embodiment has been hereinabove described and illustrated in the accompanying drawingsfor the purpose of disclosing the invention, it is to be understood that the invention is not limited tothe particular embodiment so described and illustrated but that such changes in the size, shape and arrangement of the various parts may be resorted to as come within the scope of the sub-joined claims.

Having now described the 'invention so that others skilled in the art may clearly understand the same, what it is desired to secure by Letters Patent is as follows:

1. An engine cylinder comprising, a barrel and head liner of a metallic material of high structural'strength, intake and exhaust port liners of a metallic material of high structural strength' secured to said barrel and head liner, a casing of light weight metal covering said port liners and a portion of said barrel and head liner, and supports for valve actuating mechanism of a metallic material of high structural strength attached to said barrel and head liner and imbedded in said casingnear said port liners.

2. An engine cylinder comprising, a steel cylinthe respective port liners-and projecting through said casing and into the respective valve actuatingmechanism enclosures to support the valve actuating mechanisms disposed therein.

3. The arrangement as set forth in claim 2 in which each of said supports comprises a rod like portion secured at one end to said barrel and a forked portion integral with said rod like portion vand apertured to receive the ends of a valve actuating mechanism bearing pin,

4'. An engine cylinder comprising an integral forged barrel and head liner, an intake port liner and an exhaust port liner` secured to said head liner, a cast nn retaining casing and integral vvalve 'mechanism enclosures, and forged supports for valve actuating mechanisms extending from said head liner through said casing into said enclosures for supporting valve actuating mechanisms from said head liner.

the valve port liners andin which the liners assist in retaining the casing in operative position 5. In combination with an engine eynnder head liner of a metallic material of high structural strength and a casing of light weight metal having a structural strength less than that of said high strength material covering said head, a valve actuating mechanism support comprising a tenrsion member -of high structural strength secured l at one end to said head liner and imbedded in said casing and provided at its opposite end with l structure for supporting valve actuating mecha nism on said cylinder head. v

6. In combination with an engine cylinder head liner of a' metallic material of high structural strength, a casing of lightweight metal having tural strength, a valve port liner of metallic material of high structural strength secured to said barrel and head liner, a casing of light weight metal of lower structural strength than said first mentioned metallic material covering said port` liner and a portion of said barrel and headliner, and a valve actuating mechanism support of metallic' material of high structural strength at- I tached to said barrel and headliner and imbedded l0 in said casing near said liner.

PHILLIP P. NEWCOMB. 

